Salesforce provides a powerful feature which allow the external system to integrate with Salesforce without any code on salesforce platform. Using Salesforce Standard APIs we can achieve it.
Salesforce Developer needs to provide the standard URI link to third party system.
Prerequisites
Access to Salesforce org either via Username Password or Connected App.
Lets dive into it and understand it with a demo using workbench.
Open workbench REST Explorer using this link

CRUD Operation using REST API
1. Get Data
External system wants to get a record detail from Salesforce. Click on GET radio button and enter the below URI and click on execute.
URI: /services/data/v58.0/sobjects/<Object Name>/<salesforce record ID>
Full URI will be
https://<doamin_name>.salesforce.com/services/data/v58.0/sobjects/<Object Name>/<salesforce record ID>
If the salesforce id doesnot exist in the org then the response would look like this:
Get records using a SOQL query
If other system wants to get the query result then use the below URL
URI: /services/data/v58.0/query/?q=Select+Id,Name+from+Account+LIMIT+10
2. POST Data (Insert)
External system wants to create a record in Salesforce. Click on POST radio button and enter the below URI and click on execute.
3. PATCH (Update)
External system wants to update a record in Salesforce. Click on PATCH radio button and enter the below URI and click on execute.
4. Delete
External system wants to update a record in Salesforce. Click on PATCH radio button and enter the below URI and click on execute.